- Smoking causes about 15% of global new cancer cases.
- HPV and H. pylori contribute roughly 10% of cases.
- Vaccines, healthy environments, and screenings save lives.
- Preventable cancer rates vary by sex, region, and lifestyle.
According to the WHO report, nearly 37% of the 18.7 million new cancer cases recorded in 2022 were linked to modifiable factors such as tobacco use, infections, and lifestyle exposures.
“The science is clear,” said Dr Maria Neira, WHO Director of Environment, Climate Change and Health. “A large portion of cancers; especially those linked to tobacco, infections, and unhealthy environments are preventable.”
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Tobacco remains the single largest preventable cause, accounting for around 15% of new cancer cases worldwide. Infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Helicobacter pylori are responsible for about 10% of cases combined.
“Smoking and infection-related cancers continue to take a heavy toll,” said Dr Elisabete Weiderpass, Director of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), part of WHO. “Prevention is not just possible, it must be a priority.”
Vaccines and early intervention are crucial. Cervical cancer, largely caused by HPV, can be largely prevented through safe vaccinations. Similarly, cancers linked to H. pylori can be avoided with better sanitation, medical screening, and treatment.
“Public health actions; from HPV vaccination to tobacco control and environmental policies can save millions of lives,” Dr Weiderpass added.
The WHO study also highlighted differences in preventable cancers between regions and sexes. In men, approximately 45% of cancers are linked to modifiable risks, while in women, the figure is around 30%. Regional differences are influenced by lifestyle, environment, and access to healthcare.
Dr Neira emphasised the importance of tailored strategies: “These differences reflect variations in lifestyles, environmental exposures, and access to preventive care. Local strategies are essential.”
The WHO is calling on governments to strengthen prevention efforts, including tobacco taxation, smoking bans, vaccinations, and improved air quality. “Investing in prevention saves lives, reduces healthcare costs, and builds resilient health systems,” said Dr Neira.
The study confirms that while cancer remains a major global challenge, nearly four in every ten cases could be prevented with public health action, policy enforcement, and community engagement.