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Youth-led movement over water and power crisis triggers military uprising
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Elite CAPSAT unit takes control, declares new command structure
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General Ruphin Zafisambo emerges as de facto national leader
What began as peaceful youth protests over water shortages and power cuts has transformed into a full-blown military coup in Madagascar — the most significant political upheaval the island nation has witnessed in recent years.
According to reports monitored by PulseNets, the unrest began on 25 September 2025 when young citizens under the banner Gen Z Madagascar mobilised nationwide, demanding better living conditions and accountability from the government.
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By 11 October, the crisis escalated dramatically after soldiers from the elite CAPSAT unit defied orders to disperse protesters and instead joined the demonstrations. Their defection marked a decisive turn in the standoff between civilians and the government.
Military Takes Over, Rajoelina Cries Foul
On 12 October 2025, CAPSAT officers announced they had assumed control over all branches of Madagascar’s armed forces, declaring that all military orders would henceforth emanate from their headquarters.
In a statement, President Andry Rajoelina condemned the move as “an illegal attempt to seize power” and accused rival forces of undermining the country’s constitutional order.
Earlier, amid growing tension, President Rajoelina had dissolved his cabinet and appointed General Ruphin Fortunat Zafisambo as Prime Minister on 6 October — a move now viewed as an attempt to calm the military and stabilise the government.
Zafisambo, a career officer and former Chief of Military Staff in the Prime Minister’s Office, is now seen as the de facto leader of the new regime.
Youth Reactions and Uncertain Future
For many protesters, the coup represents both a victory and a warning. “We marched for electricity, for water — but we wanted dignity,” said a young protester in Antananarivo who identified herself as Miora. “Now we ask: will they listen?”
Another demonstrator told PulseNets that some soldiers openly joined the marches. “We walked side by side. Some soldiers clapped with us. That trust is fragile, but it means change is coming.”
While local residents hope for stability, analysts warn that Madagascar risks trading democratic governance for military control.
Global Concern Mounts
The African Union and United Nations have called for calm and a swift return to constitutional order, warning that instability could deepen the country’s economic and humanitarian woes.
